About the Palace
A living city with courtyards, councils, and sacred relics — Topkapi Palace shaped the heart of an empire for four centuries.
Topkapi Palace was built by Mehmed the Conqueror between 1460-1478 after the conquest of Istanbul and reached its current state with additional structures built by subsequent sultans.
History and Foundation
The construction, which started with garden arrangements and kiosks at Sarayburnu, called the Olive Grove, continued with the walls called Sûr-ı Sultânî (Imperial Walls). For many years, the palace was called Sarây-ı Cedîd-i Âmire due to the old palace in Beyazıt, and then it began to be called Top Kapısı Palace due to the name of the kiosk called Toplu Kapı.
The palace, where additions were made over time, continued to be the living and management center until the mid-19th century. By the 1840s, as the existing palace was insufficient to meet the requirements of 19th-century state protocol, Dolmabahçe Palace was built between 1843-1856, and after a while, the living and management center for the dynasty was completely moved to Dolmabahçe Palace.
Heart of the Empire
Topkapi Palace is located in one of the oldest historical districts of Istanbul. Located on the historical Istanbul Peninsula between the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus, and the Golden Horn, the palace is one of the iconic structures of Istanbul. Topkapi Palace, built on an area of 700,000 square meters on the Eastern Roman acropolis in Sarayburnu, was the administrative, educational, and art center of the empire for about four hundred years until the 31st Ottoman Sultan, Sultan Abdülmecid; it was also the residence of the sultans.
After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, Topkapi Palace, which was turned into a museum on April 3, 1924, has the distinction of being the first museum of the Republic.
Did You Know?
Topkapi Palace, which today covers an area of approximately 350,000 square meters excluding Gülhane Park; it is one of the largest museum-palaces in the world with its structures, architecture, collections, and approximately 300,000 archive documents.
Architectural Structure and Sections
Ana hatlarını büyük avlular ve bunları çevreleyen revaklar ile hizmet binalarının oluşturduğu yapının planının Edirne Sarayı’ndan etkilendiği görülmektedir. Hizmet binaları, taş kullanılarak yapılmış olup çoğunlukla tek katlı ve yüksek kubbeli yapılardır.
Topkapı Sarayı’nın teşkilât açısından dört bölümden meydana geldiği söylenebilir: Hizmet ve koruma alanı (Bîrun), idarî merkez (Dîvân-ı Hümâyun), eğitim alanı (Enderûn) ve padişahların özel yaşam alanı (Harem). Saray yapıları birbirine geçişli dört avlu ve çevresindeki mimari yapılardan oluşmaktadır.
Sarayın, Bizans dönemi şehir surlarına dayanan surları üzerinde ana giriş kapısı niteliğindeki Bâb-ı Hümâyun’la birlikte Demir Kapısı ve Otluk Kapısı adı verilen üç büyük kapısı ve beş adet hizmet kapısı vardır. Birinci kapı olan Bâb-ı Hümâyun, iki katlı bir köşk kapısı olup üstündeki kitâbede Ali b. Yahyâ es-Sûfî imzası bulunur. İkinci kapı Bâbüsselâm, üçüncü kapı ise Bâbüssaâde’dir.
Bugün Millî Saraylar İdaresi Başkanlığı’na bağlı olan saray, tarihimizin en kıymetli mirası olarak korunmaya devam etmektedir.
Courts
Four ceremonial courtyards
Collections
Imperial treasury & sacred relics
Legacy
400 years of Ottoman governance
Timeline Highlights
- 1459 Construction begins under Sultan Mehmed II.
- 1520s Imperial Council Hall and Treasury expanded.
- 1985 Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.